Ibikoresho by'ikamyo bivangavanga
Amakamyo avangavanga ibintu, azwi kandi nka beto cyangwa sima, ubusanzwe afite ibice bike by'ingenzi n'ibikoresho by'ingenzi kugira ngo bikore neza. Ibi bikoresho bifasha mu kuvanga no gutwara beto neza. Dore bimwe mu bikoresho by'ingenzi bikoreshwa mu makamyo avangavanga ibintu:
- Ingoma Ivanga:Iki ni cyo gice cy'ingenzi cy'ikamyo ivangavanga. Izunguruka buri gihe mu gihe cyo kuyitwara kugira ngo imvange ya sima idakomera. Izunguruka ikoreshwa na moteri za hydraulic cyangwa rimwe na rimwe na moteri y'ikamyo binyuze muri sisitemu yo gukurura ingufu (PTO).
- Sisitemu y'amazi:Amakamyo avangavanga akoresha sisitemu ya hydraulic kugira ngo akoreshe imirimo itandukanye, harimo kuzunguruka kw'ingoma ivangavanga, gukoresha umuyoboro wo gusohora amazi, no kuzamura cyangwa kumanura ingoma ivangavanga kugira ngo ipakire kandi ipakurure. Pompe za hydraulic, moteri, silindiri, na valve ni ibintu by'ingenzi muri iyi sisitemu.
- Kohereza amakuru:Sisitemu yo kohereza ingufu iva kuri moteri ijya ku mapine. Amakamyo avangavanga ubusanzwe afite imashini zikora cyane zigenewe gutwara imizigo no gutanga imbaraga zikenewe mu gutwara imodoka, cyane cyane iyo yuzuye sima.
- Moteri:Amakamyo avangavanga afite moteri zikomeye kugira ngo atange ingufu zikenewe zo gutwara imizigo iremereye no gukoresha sisitemu za hydraulic. Izi moteri akenshi zikoresha mazutu kugira ngo zikoreshwe mu buryo bwiza kandi zikoreshe neza lisansi.
- Itandukaniro:Uburyo bwo guteranya ibikoresho bitandukanya imodoka butuma amapine azunguruka ku muvuduko utandukanye mu gihe azunguruka mu mfuruka. Ibi ni ingenzi mu kubungabunga umutekano no gukumira kwangirika kw'amapine mu makamyo avangavanga imodoka, cyane cyane iyo anyura ahantu hato cyangwa ahantu hatangana.
- Inzira yo gutwara abantu:Ibice by'imodoka bikoresha amashanyarazi, harimo imigozi, imiyoboro ikoresha amashanyarazi, n'ibindi binyabutabire, bikorana kugira ngo byohereze ingufu ziva kuri moteri zijya ku mapine. Mu makamyo avanga amashanyarazi, ibi bice byubatswe kugira ngo bihangane n'imizigo iremereye kandi bitange umusaruro wizewe.
- Ikigega cy'amazi n'ipompo:Amakamyo menshi yo kuvanga afite ikigega cy'amazi na sisitemu yo kuvoma yo kongeramo amazi mu mvange ya sima mu gihe cyo kuvanga cyangwa gusukura ingoma yo kuvanga nyuma yo kuyikoresha. Ipompe y'amazi ikunze gukoreshwa na moteri ya hydraulic cyangwa amashanyarazi.
Izi mashini n'ibice byazo bikorana kugira ngo amakamyo avangavanga ibintu ashobora kuvanga, gutwara no gusohora sima neza aho bubaka. Gufata neza no kugenzura izi mashini ni ingenzi kugira ngo imikorere yazo irusheho kuba myiza kandi itekanye.
Ibikoresho byo mu ruganda rutunganya beto
Uruganda ruhuza beto, ruzwi kandi nk'uruganda ruvanga beto cyangwa uruganda ruhuza beto, ni ikigo gihuza ibintu bitandukanye kugira ngo kibeto. Ibi bicuruzwa bikoreshwa mu mishinga minini y'ubwubatsi aho hakenewe serivisi ihoraho ya beto nziza. Dore ibice by'ingenzi n'inzira zikoreshwa mu ruganda rusanzwe ruhuza beto:
- Udusanduku tw’ibicuruzwa bihuriweho:Ibi bigega bibika ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibice by'amabuye nk'umucanga, amabuye y'agaciro n'amabuye yashenywe. Ibice by'amabuye by'agaciro bipimwa hakurikijwe imiterere y'ibice by'amabuye bikenewe hanyuma bigashyirwa ku mukandara w'icyuma gitwara ibintu kugira ngo bijye mu gikoresho cyo kuvanga.
- Umukandara w'imodoka:Umukandara utwara ibintu byose hamwe uva mu bisanduku by’ibicuruzwa bivangwa ujya mu byuma bivangwa. Utuma ibintu byose bivangwa bikomeza kuboneka.
- Silo za sima:Sima zibika sima ku bwinshi. Sima ikunze kubikwa mu sima zifite uburyo bwo guhumeka no kugenzura kugira ngo sima ikomeze kuba nziza. Sima iva muri sima ikoresheje ibyuma bitwara umwuka cyangwa ibyuma bisukura.
- Ububiko bw'amazi n'ibigega by'inyongera:Amazi ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu gukora sima. Inganda zitunganya sima zifite ibigega byo kubikamo amazi kugira ngo amazi akomeze kuboneka mu kuvanga. Byongeye kandi, ibigega byongeramo amazi bishobora gushyirwamo kugira ngo bibikwe kandi bitange ibintu bitandukanye nk'ibivanze, ibintu bisiga irangi, cyangwa insinga.
- Ibikoresho byo guhuza:Ibikoresho byo gupima, nk'udupira two gupima, iminzani, na metero, bipima neza kandi bigatanga ibikoresho mu gikoresho cyo kuvanga hakurikijwe imiterere yabyo. Inganda zigezweho zo gupima akenshi zikoresha sisitemu zo kugenzura za mudasobwa kugira ngo zikore neza kandi zirebe ko ari nziza.
- Igice cyo kuvanga:Igice cyo kuvanga, kizwi kandi ku izina rya mixer, niho ibintu bitandukanye bihurizwa hamwe kugira ngo bikore sima. Uyu mashini ushobora kuba uvanga ingoma, uvanga imigozi ibiri, cyangwa uvanga imibumbe, bitewe n'imiterere n'ubushobozi bw'uruganda. Uburyo bwo kuvanga butuma ibintu byose bivangwa neza, sima, amazi n'ibindi bikoresho kugira ngo habeho uruvange rwa sima rungana.
- Sisitemu yo Kugenzura:Sisitemu yo kugenzura igenzura kandi ikagenzura inzira yose yo gushyiramo ibintu mu byiciro. Igenzura ingano y'ibikubiye mu bikoresho, ikagenzura imikorere y'ibikoresho bitwara ibintu n'ibivanga, kandi ikagenzura ubwiza n'ubuziranenge bwa sima ikorwa. Inganda zigezweho zo gushyiramo ibintu mu byiciro akenshi zifite sisitemu zigezweho zo kugenzura ibikoresho kugira ngo zikore neza kandi neza.
- Icyumba cyo kugenzura uruganda rw'itsinda: Aha niho abakora bakurikirana kandi bakagenzura inzira yo guhuza ibikoresho. Ubusanzwe kibamo uburyo bwo kugenzura, ibikoresho byo kugenzura, na konsole z'abakora ibikoresho.
Inganda zikora sima zifite ubushobozi butandukanye kandi zijyanye n'ibikenewe mu mishinga itandukanye. Zigira uruhare runini mu kwemeza ko sima nziza itangwa ku gihe mu mishinga y'ubwubatsi, kuva ku nyubako zo guturamo kugeza ku bikorwa remezo binini. Gukoresha no kubungabunga neza inganda zikora sima ni ingenzi kugira ngo umusaruro uhoraho w'inganda kandi umushinga ugende neza.
Ibikoresho byo gucukura
Imashini zicukura ni imashini zigoye zagenewe gucukura, gusenya, n'indi mirimo yo kwimura ubutaka. Zikoresha ibikoresho bitandukanye n'ibice bya mashini kugira ngo zigere ku mikorere yazo. Dore bimwe mu bikoresho by'ingenzi n'ibice bikunze kuboneka mu bacukuzi:
- Sisitemu y'amazi:Abacukuzi bishingikiriza cyane kuri sisitemu za hydraulic kugira ngo bashyire imbaraga mu migendere yazo no mu mikoranire yazo. Pompe za hydraulic, moteri, silindiri, na valves bigenzura imikorere y'icyuma gicukura, ukuboko, indobo, n'ibindi bikoresho.
- Ibikoresho byo Kuzunguza:Igikoresho cyo gusimbuza, kizwi kandi nka slew ring cyangwa swing bearing, ni igikoresho kinini cyo gusimbuza gifasha imiterere yo hejuru y'igikoresho cyo gusimbuza kuzenguruka dogere 360 ku gice cyo munsi y'igisenge. Gitwarwa na moteri z'amazi kandi kigaha umukoresha ubushobozi bwo gushyira igikoresho cyo gusimbuza mu cyerekezo icyo ari cyo cyose.
- Inzira yo kunyuramo:Ubusanzwe abacukuzi baba bafite inzira zo kugenda aho kugira amapine. Sisitemu yo gutwara inzira irimo uduce duto, inzira, utudomo duto, n'utuzunguru. Utwo duce duto dukorana n'inzira, naho moteri za hydraulic zigatwara inzira, bigatuma icyuma gicukura kigenda mu butaka butandukanye.
- Kohereza amakuru:Abacukuzi bashobora kugira sisitemu yo kohereza ingufu kuva kuri moteri kugera kuri pompe na moteri za hydraulic. Iyi transmission ituma ingufu zitangwa neza kandi igakora neza.
- Moteri:Imashini zicukura zikoresha moteri za mazutu, zitanga ingufu zikenewe zo gukoresha ingufu za hydraulic system, track drives, n'ibindi bice. Moteri ishobora kuba iri inyuma cyangwa imbere y'imashini icukura, bitewe n'icyitegererezo.
- Kabine n'ibipimo byo kugenzura:Kabine y'umukoresha ifite ibikoresho byo kugenzura no gukoresha icyuma gicukura. Ibikoresho nka joysticks, pedals, na switch byemerera umukoresha kugenzura ingendo z'icyuma gicukura, ukuboko, indobo, n'ibindi bikorwa.
- Indobo n'ibikoresho byometseho:Abacukuzi bashobora gushyirwaho ubwoko butandukanye n'ingano zitandukanye z'indobo zo gucukura, ndetse n'ibikoresho nk'ibipfunyika, inyundo za hydraulic, n'ibikumwe byo gukora imirimo yihariye. Ibikoresho byo gukurura byihuse cyangwa sisitemu za hydraulic bituma byoroha gufata no gukuraho ibi bikoresho.
- Ibice bigize munsi y'imodoka:Uretse sisitemu yo gutwara inzira, imashini zicukura zifite ibice biri munsi y'imodoka nka 'track tensioners', 'track frames', n'inkweto zicukura. Ibi bice bishyigikira uburemere bw'imashini icukura kandi bigatanga ituze mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha.
Ibi bikoresho n'ibice bikorana kugira ngo bifashe icukura gukora imirimo myinshi neza kandi neza. Gufata neza no kugenzura buri gihe ni ingenzi kugira ngo abacukura bakore neza kandi barambe mu kazi kabo gakomeye.
Ibikoresho bya Crane by'Umunara
Imashini zikoresha iminara ni imashini zigoye cyane cyane zikoreshwa mu kubaka inyubako ndende n'inyubako. Nubwo zidakoresha ibikoresho gakondo kimwe n'imodoka cyangwa imashini z'inganda, zikoresha uburyo butandukanye n'ibice kugira ngo zikore neza. Dore bimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bijyanye n'imikorere ya mashini zikoresha iminara:
- Ibikoresho byo kudoda:Imashini zikoresha ibyuma binini (tower crane) zishyirwa ku munara uhagaze, kandi zishobora kuzunguruka (zigaseswa) mu buryo butambitse kugira ngo zigere ahantu hatandukanye h'aho bubaka. Imashini zikoresha ibyuma binini zigizwe n'icyuma kinini gikoresha uruziga n'icyuma gikoresha pinion gitwarwa na moteri. Ubu buryo bw'ibikoresho butuma imashini izunguruka neza kandi neza.
- Uburyo bwo kuzamura icyuma:Imashini zo mu munara zifite uburyo bwo kuzamura no kugabanya imitwaro iremereye hakoreshejwe umugozi w'insinga n'ingoma yo kuzamura. Nubwo atari ibikoresho gusa, ibi bice bikora hamwe kugira ngo bizamure kandi bimanure umutwaro. Uburyo bwo kuzamura bushobora kuba burimo agasanduku k'amakuru gafasha kugenzura umuvuduko n'imbaraga by'igikorwa cyo kuzamura.
- Uburyo bwo gutwara troli:Imashini zitwara imizigo z’iminara akenshi zigira uburyo bwo gutwara imizigo bujyana imizigo mu buryo butambitse ku ruhande rw’umugongo (horizontal boom). Ubu buryo busanzwe bugizwe na moteri ya trolley na sisitemu ya vitesi yemerera imizigo gushyirwa neza ku ruhande rw’umugongo.
- Ibiremereye birwanya:Kugira ngo crane zo mu munara zigumane ituze kandi ziringaniye mu gihe ziterura imizigo iremereye, zikoresha ibikoresho bipima uburemere. Ibi akenshi bishyirwa ku gice gitandukanye kandi bishobora guhindurwa uko bikenewe. Nubwo atari ibikoresho ubwabyo, ibikoresho bipima uburemere bigira uruhare runini mu mikorere rusange ya crane.
- Sisitemu yo gufunga feri:Imashini zitwara imizigo zifite uburyo bwo gufunga imizigo kugira ngo zigenzure ingendo z'umuzigo n'uburyo zizunguruka. Izi mashini akenshi ziba zirimo uburyo bwinshi bwo gufunga imizigo, nka feri za disiki cyangwa feri z'ingoma, zishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bwa hydraulic cyangwa mashini.
- Sisitemu zo Kugenzura:Imashini zikoresha ibyuma bicukura ...
Nubwo ibyuma bikoresha iminara bidakoresha ibikoresho bisanzwe nk'uko bimeze ku zindi mashini, byishingikiriza ku buryo butandukanye bw'ibikoresho, uburyo, n'ibice byabyo kugira ngo bikore imirimo yabyo yo guterura no gushyira ibintu mu mwanya wabyo neza kandi mu mutekano.
Ibindi bikoresho by'ubwubatsi aho Belon Gears
