Imashini yikamyo
Amakamyo avangavanze, azwi kandi nka beto cyangwa ivanga rya sima, mubisanzwe afite ibice bike byingenzi nibikoresho byingenzi mubikorwa byabo. Ibikoresho bifasha mukuvanga no gutwara beto neza. Dore bimwe mubikoresho byingenzi bikoreshwa mumamodoka avanga:
- Kuvanga Ingoma:Nibintu byibanze bigize ikamyo ivanga. Irazunguruka ubudahwema mugihe cyo gutambuka kugirango ibivanze bya beto bidakomera. Kuzenguruka bikoreshwa na moteri ya hydraulic cyangwa rimwe na rimwe na moteri yikamyo binyuze muri sisitemu yo guhaguruka (PTO).
- Sisitemu ya Hydraulic:Amakamyo avanga akoresha sisitemu ya hydraulic kugirango akoreshe imirimo itandukanye, harimo kuzunguruka ingoma ivanga, gukora chute isohoka, no kuzamura cyangwa kumanura ingoma ivanga kugirango yipakurure. Amashanyarazi ya Hydraulic, moteri, silinderi, na valve nibintu byingenzi bigize iyi sisitemu.
- Ikwirakwizwa:Sisitemu yo kohereza ishinzwe guhererekanya ingufu kuva kuri moteri ku ruziga. Amakamyo avanga ubusanzwe afite imiyoboro iremereye yagenewe gutwara umutwaro no gutanga itara rya ngombwa ryo kwimura ikinyabiziga, cyane cyane iyo cyuzuyemo beto.
- Moteri:Amakamyo avanga afite moteri ikomeye kugirango itange imbaraga zisabwa kugirango yimure imitwaro iremereye kandi ikore sisitemu ya hydraulic. Izi moteri akenshi zikoreshwa na mazutu kugirango zikoreshe kandi zikoreshe neza.
- Itandukaniro:Inteko itandukanye ituma ibiziga bizunguruka ku muvuduko utandukanye mugihe uhindura inguni. Ibi nibyingenzi mukubungabunga umutekano no gukumira kwambara amapine mumamodoka avanga, cyane cyane iyo ugenda ahantu hafatanye cyangwa ahantu hataringaniye.
- Imiyoboro:Ibice bigize moteri, harimo imitambiko, ibinyabiziga, hamwe nibitandukaniro, bikorana kugirango byohereze ingufu kuva kuri moteri kugeza kumuziga. Mu makamyo avanga, ibyo bice byubatswe kugirango bihangane imitwaro iremereye kandi bitange imikorere yizewe.
- Ikigega cy'amazi na pompe:Amakamyo menshi avanga afite ikigega cyamazi na pompe yo kongeramo amazi muruvange rwa beto mugihe cyo kuvanga cyangwa gusukura ingoma ivanga nyuma yo kuyikoresha. Pompe y'amazi ubusanzwe ikoreshwa na moteri ya hydraulic cyangwa amashanyarazi.
Ibi bikoresho nibigize bikora kugirango barebe ko amakamyo avanga ashobora kuvanga neza, gutwara, no gusohora beto ahazubakwa. Kubungabunga buri gihe no kugenzura ibyo bikoresho ni ngombwa kugirango ukore neza kandi neza.
Ibikoresho bya beto bifata ibikoresho
Uruganda rutunganya beto, ruzwi kandi nk'uruganda ruvanga beto cyangwa uruganda rutunganya beto, ni ikigo gihuza ibintu bitandukanye kugirango kibe beto. Ibi bimera bikoreshwa mumishinga minini yubwubatsi aho bisabwa gukomeza gutanga beto nziza. Hano haribintu byingenzi byingenzi bigira uruhare mubikorwa bisanzwe byo gutunganya:
- Igiteranyo rusange:Utwo dusanduku tubika ubwoko butandukanye bwo guteranya nk'umucanga, amabuye, n'amabuye yajanjaguwe. Igiteranyo cyagereranijwe hashingiwe ku gishushanyo mbonera gisabwa hanyuma kigasohorwa ku mukandara wa convoyeur kugirango ujyane mu gice kivanga.
- Umukandara wa convoyeur:Umukandara wa convoyeur utwara igiteranyo kiva mumabati yegeranye kivanga. Iremeza gutanga amasoko ahoraho yo kuvanga inzira.
- Isima ya sima:Sima silos ibika sima kubwinshi. Isima isanzwe ibikwa muri silos hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura no kugenzura kugirango ubungabunge ubuziranenge bwa sima. Isima itangwa muri silos ikoresheje imiyoboro ya pneumatike cyangwa screw.
- Kubika Amazi n'ibigega byongeweho:Amazi nikintu cyingenzi mubikorwa bya beto. Ibiti byo gutobora beto bifite ibigega byo kubika amazi kugirango bikomeze gutanga amazi murwego rwo kuvanga. Byongeye kandi, ibigega byongeweho birashobora kubamo kubika no gutanga inyongeramusaruro zitandukanye nkibivanze, ibintu bisiga amabara, cyangwa fibre.
- Ibikoresho byo gufata:Ibikoresho byo gupakira, nko gupima ibyiringiro, umunzani, na metero, gupima neza no gutanga ibiyigize mubice bivanga ukurikije igishushanyo mbonera cyagenwe. Ibihingwa bigezweho bigezweho bikoresha sisitemu yo kugenzura mudasobwa kugirango ikore iki gikorwa kandi urebe neza.
- Igice cyo kuvanga:Igice cyo kuvanga, kizwi kandi nka mixer, niho ibintu bitandukanye byahujwe kugirango bibe beto. Kuvangavanga birashobora kuvanga ingoma ihagaze, kuvanga impanga-shaft, cyangwa kuvanga umubumbe, ukurikije imiterere yikimera nubushobozi. Uburyo bwo kuvanga butuma habaho guhuza neza igiteranyo, sima, amazi, ninyongeramusaruro kugirango habeho kuvanga beto imwe.
- Sisitemu yo kugenzura:Sisitemu yo kugenzura iragenzura kandi ikagenga inzira zose zo gutunganya. Ikurikirana ibipimo byingirakamaro, ikagenzura imikorere ya convoyeur na mixer, kandi ikemeza ko ireme hamwe nubwiza bwa beto yakozwe. Ibimera bigezweho bigizwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura mudasobwa igezweho kugirango ikore neza kandi neza.
- Icyumba cyo kugenzura ibihingwa: Aha niho abashoramari bakurikirana kandi bakagenzura uburyo bwo gutunganya. Mubisanzwe ibamo sisitemu yo kugenzura, ibikoresho byo kugenzura, hamwe na kanseri ikora.
Ibiti byo gutunganya beto biza muburyo butandukanye hamwe nubushobozi bujyanye nibisabwa bitandukanye byumushinga. Bafite uruhare runini mu gutanga amasoko meza yo mu gihe gikwiye mu mishinga yo kubaka, guhera ku nyubako zo guturamo kugeza ku bikorwa remezo binini. Gukora neza no gufata neza ibihingwa byingirakamaro nibyingenzi kugirango habeho umusaruro uhoraho no gutsinda neza umushinga.
Ibikoresho byo gucukura
Ubucukuzi ni imashini zigoye zagenewe gucukura, gusenya, nindi mirimo yo kwimura isi. Bakoresha ibikoresho bitandukanye nibikoresho bya mashini kugirango bagere kubikorwa byabo. Hano hari bimwe mubyingenzi byingenzi nibikoresho biboneka mubucukuzi:
- Sisitemu ya Hydraulic:Abacukuzi bashingira cyane kuri sisitemu ya hydraulic kugirango imbaraga zabo zigende. Amapompa ya Hydraulic, moteri, silinderi, na valve bigenzura imikorere yubushakashatsi bwa moteri, ukuboko, indobo, nibindi bifatanye.
- Ibikoresho bya Swing:Ibikoresho byo guswera, bizwi kandi nk'impeta ya sww cyangwa swing swing, ni ibikoresho binini byerekana impeta ituma imiterere yo hejuru ya excavator izunguruka dogere 360 kuri gari ya moshi. Iyobowe na moteri ya hydraulic kandi ituma uyikoresha ashyira moteri kugirango acukure cyangwa ajugunye ibikoresho muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose.
- Gukurikirana inzira:Ubucukuzi busanzwe bufite inzira aho kuba ibiziga bigenda. Sisitemu yo gutwara ibinyabiziga ikubiyemo amasoko, inzira, abadakora, hamwe nizunguruka. Amasoko yishora hamwe na moteri, kandi moteri ya hydraulic itwara inzira, bigatuma moteri icukura hejuru yubutaka butandukanye.
- Ikwirakwizwa:Ubucukuzi bushobora kugira uburyo bwo kohereza ibintu biva muri moteri kuri pompe hydraulic na moteri. Ikwirakwizwa ryemeza neza amashanyarazi no gukora neza sisitemu ya hydraulic.
- Moteri:Imashini zicukura zikoreshwa na moteri ya mazutu, itanga imbaraga zikenewe kugirango ikore sisitemu ya hydraulic, ibinyabiziga bikurikirana, nibindi bice. Moteri irashobora kuba iri inyuma cyangwa imbere ya moteri, bitewe nurugero.
- Cab n'Ubugenzuzi:Cab yabakoresha ibamo ibikoresho nibikoresho byo gucukura. Ibikoresho nka joysticks, pedal, na switch byemerera uwukoresha kugenzura imigendekere ya boom, ukuboko, indobo, nibindi bikorwa.
- Indobo n'umugereka:Ubucukuzi bushobora kuba bufite ubwoko butandukanye nubunini bwindobo zo gucukura, hamwe n imigereka nka grapples, inyundo za hydraulic, hamwe nintoki kubikorwa byihariye. Kwihuta byihuse cyangwa sisitemu ya hydraulic itanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kugerekaho no gutandukanya ibyo bikoresho.
- Ibice bitaragera munsi:Usibye sisitemu yo gutwara ibinyabiziga, abacukuzi bafite ibice bitwara abagenzi nka gari ya moshi, imirongo ikurikirana, n'inkweto. Ibi bice bishyigikira uburemere bwa moteri kandi bigatanga ituze mugihe gikora.
Ibi bikoresho nibigize bikorana kugirango bishoboze gucukura gukora imirimo myinshi kandi neza. Kubungabunga no kugenzura buri gihe ni ngombwa kugirango habeho imikorere ikwiye no kuramba bya moteri mu gihe gikenewe.
Umunara wa Crane
Umunara wa crane ni imashini zigoye zikoreshwa cyane cyane mukubaka inyubako ndende ninyubako. Mugihe badakoresha ibikoresho gakondo muburyo bumwe nkibinyabiziga bitwara ibinyabiziga cyangwa imashini zinganda, bashingira kuburyo butandukanye nibikoresho kugirango bikore neza. Hano hari ibintu by'ingenzi bijyanye n'imikorere ya umunara wa crane:
- Ibikoresho byo kunyerera:Umunara wa crane ushyizwe kumunara uhagaritse, kandi urashobora kuzunguruka (kwica) utambitse kugirango ugere ahantu hatandukanye hubatswe. Ibikoresho byo guswera bigizwe nibikoresho binini byimpeta nibikoresho bya pinion bitwawe na moteri. Sisitemu ya gare ituma crane izunguruka neza kandi neza.
- Uburyo bwo kuzamura:Umunara wa crane ufite uburyo bwo kuzamura buzamura kandi bugabanya imizigo iremereye ukoresheje umugozi winsinga ningoma yo kuzamura. Mugihe atari ibikoresho bikomeye, ibyo bice bikorana kugirango bizamure kandi bigabanye umutwaro. Uburyo bwo kuzamura bushobora kubamo garebox kugirango igenzure umuvuduko n'umuriro w'igikorwa cyo guterura.
- Inzira ya Trolley:Umunara wa crane akenshi ufite uburyo bwa trolley bwimura umutwaro utambitse kuri jib (horizontal boom). Ubu buryo busanzwe bugizwe na moteri ya trolley hamwe na sisitemu ya gare ituma umutwaro uhagarara neza neza kuri jib.
- Kurwanya:Kugirango ugumane ituze hamwe nuburinganire mugihe uterura imitwaro iremereye, umunara wa crane ukoresha uburemere. Ibi bikunze gushirwa kuri konte itandukanye kandi birashobora guhinduka nkuko bikenewe. Nubwo atari ibikoresho ubwabyo, ibipimo biremereye bigira uruhare runini mumikorere rusange ya kane.
- Sisitemu yo gufata feri:Umunara wa crane ufite sisitemu yo gufata feri kugirango igenzure urujya n'uruza rwizunguruka. Izi sisitemu akenshi zirimo uburyo bwa feri nyinshi, nka feri ya disiki cyangwa feri yingoma, zishobora gukoreshwa mumazi cyangwa mumashini.
- Sisitemu yo kugenzura:Umunara wa crane ukorerwa muri cab iri hafi yumunara. Sisitemu yo kugenzura irimo joysticks, buto, nandi masura yemerera uyikoresha kugenzura ibikorwa bya crane. Mugihe atari ibikoresho, sisitemu yo kugenzura ningirakamaro mugukora neza kandi neza.
Mugihe umunara wa crane udakoresha ibikoresho gakondo muburyo bumwe nubundi bwoko bwimashini, bashingira kuri sisitemu zitandukanye, ibikoresho, nibice kugirango bakore imirimo yabo yo guterura no guhagarara neza kandi neza.
Ibikoresho byinshi byubwubatsi aho Belon Gear
