Uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe bwa Carburizing kuri Gears: Kongera imbaraga, kuramba no gukora neza

Mu buryo bugezweho bwo kohereza ingufu, vitesi zitezweho gukora mu bihe bikomeye cyane, kuzunguruka guhoraho, imitwaro iremereye, umuvuduko uhindagurika, n'imikorere miremire. Ibyuma gakondo bya aluminiyumu, nubwo bifite ubukana bwiza, akenshi ntibishobora kwihanganira ikoreshwa nk'iryo rigoye hatabayeho kwangirika k'ubuso, gukurura amenyo, gushwanyagurika, kwangirika no gucika intege. Kugira ngo utsinde ibi bibazo, kuvura ubushyuhe biba intambwe y'ingenzi mu gukora ibikoresho, kandi mu buryo bwose,gutwikaigaragara nk'imwe mu nzira nziza zo gukomera ku buso.

Carburizing (izwi kandi nk'ubukomere bw'imashini) ni uburyo bwo gukoresha ibyuma bushyira karuboni mu gikoresho cy'icyuma ku bushyuhe bwinshi. Nyuma yo kuzimya, ubuso buhinduka nk'imashini ikomeye ya martensitic mu gihe igice cyo hagati gikomeza gukomera no kudahungabana. Ubu buryo bukomera inyuma, imbere bugakomeza gukomera. Niyo mpamvu ibikoresho bya kaburimbo bikoreshwa cyane mu gutwara imodoka, mu masanduku y’imodoka yo mu nganda, mu mashini ziremereye, mu bikoresho by’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, mu byuma bitwara indege, no mu byuma bikoresha robots.

Carburizing ni iki?

Carburizing ni uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe bushingiye ku gukwirakwira bukorerwa ku bushyuhe buri hagati ya 880°C na 950°C. Mu gihe cy'iyi gahunda, verisiyo zishyushya mu kirere gikungahaye kuri karubone. Atome za karubone zikwirakwira mu gice cy'icyuma, zikongera ingano ya karubone. Nyuma yo kubira mu mazi igihe gisabwa, verisiyo zizimwa vuba kugira ngo zikore agasanduku gakomeye ka martensitic.

Ubujyakuzimu bw'injira rya karuboni bwitwa uburebure bw'ifatizo, kandi bushobora kugenzurwa hakoreshejwe ubushyuhe butandukanye, igihe cyo gufata, n'ubushobozi bwa karuboni. Muri rusange, uburebure bw'ifatizo buri hagati ya mm 0.8 na mm 2.5, bitewe n'ikoreshwa, ingano y'ibikoresho, n'ubushobozi bukenewe bwo gutwara.

Kuki ibikoresho bikenera Carburizing?

Gukoresha carburizing ntabwo ari ukwiyongera k'ubukomere gusa, ahubwo binatuma imikorere irushaho kuba myiza mu gihe cy'akazi. Ibyiza by'ingenzi birimo:

1. Ubudahangarwa bwinshi bwo kwambara
   Ubuso bukomeye burinda kwangirika, gucikamo ibice, kwangirika gato no kwangirika k'ubuso.

2. Ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo bwinshi
   Ibyuma bya kaburiseri bishobora gutwara imizigo iremereye no kohereza imbaraga nyinshi nta guhindagurika.

3. Ingufu zo Kugorora Amenyo Zirushaho Kubaho
   Uduce tw’imbere tw’amenyo tworoshye twihanganira impanuka n’ingaruka zayo, bigabanya ibyago byo kuvunika kw’amenyo.

4. Ubuzima bw'Umunaniro Uhebuje
   Ibikoresho bya kaburiseri bishobora gukora amasaha ibihumbi mirongo mu gihe cy'urugendo rwinshi.

5. Kugabanya ubushyuhe n'ingufu zo guterana
   Gukoresha amenyo neza bituma amenyo arushaho gukwirakwira mu buryo butuje kandi bukoresha ingufu nke.

Kubera izo nyungu, gukoresha carburizing byahindutse uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvura ubushyuhe kuriimodokaibikoresho, cyane cyane kuriibikoresho byo guterura, vitesi zizunguruka, vitesi zizunguruka, vitesi zitandukanya, n'imirongo ijyana ubutumwa.

Intambwe ku yindi ni intambwe yo gukora Carburizing

Uburyo bwose bwo gushyiramo kaburimbo burimo ibyiciro byinshi, buri kimwe kikagira ingaruka ku mikorere ya nyuma:

1. Gushyushya mbere no kugabanya ubushyuhe

Ibyuma bishyushya kugeza ku bushyuhe bwa kaburizi aho icyuma gihinduka austenite. Iyi miterere ituma karuboni ikwirakwira mu buryo bworoshye.

2. Gukwirakwiza karuboni no gukora icyiciro

Ibikoresho bifungirwa ahantu hakungahaye kuri karubone (gaze, vacuum, cyangwa ikintu gikomeye gitera kaburimbo). Atome za karubone zikwirakwira imbere, zigakora agasanduku gakomeye nyuma yo kuzimya.

3. Kuzimya

Gukonjesha vuba bihindura urwego rw'ubuso bwa karubone nyinshi mo martensite—ikomeye cyane kandi irinda kwangirika.

4. Gushyushya

Nyuma yo kuzimya, gushyushya birakenewe kugira ngo bigabanye ububobere, kunoza ubukomere, no gushimangira imiterere mito.

5. Gutunganya/Gusya bya nyuma

Ibikoresho bishyushye bikunze gusya cyangwa gukanda kugira ngo bigere ku miterere y’amenyo neza, imiterere ihamye yo gukoraho, no kugenzura urusaku neza.

Ubwoko bwa Carburizing kuri Gears

Ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye ryo gukaraba (carburizing) ryatejwe imbere, buri rimwe rifite ibyiza byihariye.

Muri bo,kaburimbo ikoresha icyuma gishyushyairushaho gukundwa cyane ku bikoresho bigezweho bitewe n'uko isakara rimwe, itabangamira ibidukikije, kandi ikaba idahindagurika cyane.

Guhitamo ibikoresho byo gukoresha mu gukaraba

Si ibyuma byose bitoroshye gukoresha kaburimbo. Ibikoresho byiza ni ibyuma bifite karubone nkeya kandi bikomera neza kandi bifite imbaraga zo gukomera.

Ibyuma bisanzwe bikoresha kaburimbo:

• 16MnCr5

• 20CrMnTi

• Icyuma 8620 / 4320

• 18CrNiMo7-6

• SCM415 / SCM420

Ibi byuma bituma agasanduku k’icyuma gakomera cyane ariko kagakomeza kugira igice cy’imbere gikomeye kandi gipfundikiye—bikaba ari byiza cyane ku bikoresho biremereye.

Ibintu by'Ubwiza mu byuma bya Carburised

Kugira ngo umusaruro ugerweho neza, hari ibintu byinshi by'ingenzi bigomba kugenzurwa:

1. Ingano ya karubone yo hejuru

2. Ubunararibonye bw'urubanza bufatika (ECD)

3. Urwego rwa austenite rugumanye

4. Kugoreka no kudahinduka kw'ibipimo

5. Ubukomere bungana (58–62 HRC ku buso)

Uburyo bwo gushyiramo kaburimbo mu buryo bugenzurwa neza butuma ibyuma bikora neza mu gihe cy'imyaka myinshi nta gusuzumwa cyane.

Imikoreshereze ya Carburised Gears

Carburizing ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda aho ubwizerwe, ubushishozi, no kwihangana ku mutwaro mwinshi ari ngombwa:

• Utumashini tw'imodoka n'uburyo bwo gutandukanya ibintu

• Traktori, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro n'ibikoresho bikomeye

• Robotike n'ibikoresho byikora ku buryo bwikora

• Utwuma tw'umwuka dukoresha turbine y'umuyaga

• Ibikoresho byo mu kirere n'ibikoresho byo kohereza turbine

• Sisitemu zo gutwara ibintu mu mazi

Aho verisiyo zigomba kwihanganira impanuka, igitutu n'umuvuduko w'igihe kirekire, gukoresha carburizing ni cyo gisubizo cyizewe cyane.

Uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwa kaburimbo buhindura ibikoresho bisanzwe by'icyuma mo ibice bifatika kandi bishoboye kwihanganira ibidukikije bigoye. Ubu buryo bukomeza ubuso budasaza kandi butuma umuntu agumana imbaraga nyinshi imbere mu gihe hagumana imbaraga zikomeye zo kurwanya ingaruka. Uko imashini zigenda zitera imbere zigana ku bucucike bw'ingufu n'imikorere myiza, ibikoresho bya kaburimbo bizakomeza kuba ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi mu buhanga bugezweho no mu buryo bwo kohereza ingufu.