Uburyo bwo gutunganya ibikoresho, ibipimo byo gukata n'ibisabwa mu bikoresho niba ibikoresho bikomeye cyane ku buryo bitagomba guhindurwa kandi imikorere myiza y'ibikoresho ikwiye kunozwa.

Imashini ni yo ikoreshwa cyane mu gutwara imodoka. Ubusanzwe, buri modoka ifite amenyo 18-30. Ubwiza bw'imashini bugira ingaruka ku rusaku, gutuza no kumara igihe imodoka ikora. Igikoresho cy'imashini itunganya imodoka ni uburyo buhambaye bwo gukoresha imashini kandi ni igikoresho cy'ingenzi mu nganda z'imodoka. Inzego zikora imodoka ku isi nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ubudage n'Ubuyapani nazo ni zo zikora ibikoresho by'imashini. Dukurikije imibare, ibirenga 80% by'ibikoresho by'imodoka mu Bushinwa bitunganywa n'ibikoresho byo mu gihugu. Muri icyo gihe, inganda z'imodoka zikoresha ibirenga 60% by'ibikoresho by'imashini itunganya imodoka, kandi inganda z'imodoka zizahora ari zo zikoresha ibikoresho by'imashini.

Ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya ibikoresho

1. gushushanya no gukora ubusa

Gucura bishyushye biracyakoreshwa cyane mu gucura ibikoresho by'imodoka. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ikoranabuhanga ryo gucura ibyuma byashyizwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amategeko ryatejwe imbere cyane mu gutunganya imigozi. Iri koranabuhanga rikwiriye cyane cyane mu gukora imigozi igoye y'inzugi. Ntabwo rifite gusa uburyo bwo gukora neza cyane, kandi ritanga umusaruro muto, ahubwo rinatanga umusaruro mwiza cyane.

2. guhindura ibintu mu buryo busanzwe

Intego y'iyi gahunda ni ukubona ubukana bukwiriye mu guca ibikoresho bikurikira no gutegura imiterere mito kugira ngo ikoreshwe neza mu bushyuhe, kugira ngo igabanye neza ubukana bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe. Ibikoresho by'icyuma gikoreshwa akenshi ni 20CrMnTi. Bitewe n'ingaruka zikomeye z'abakozi, ibikoresho n'ibidukikije, umuvuduko wo gukonjesha n'ubukonje bw'ibikoresho biragoye kugenzura, bigatuma ubukana bukwirakwira cyane n'imiterere idahuye ya metallographic, ibyo bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku guca icyuma no gutunganya ubushyuhe bwa nyuma, bigatuma ubushyuhe buhindagurika cyane kandi butaringaniye n'ubwiza bw'ibice budashobora kugenzurwa. Kubwibyo, inzira yo gutunganya isothermal yakoreshejwe. Byagaragaye ko gutunganya isothermal bishobora guhindura neza ingaruka mbi zo gutunganya rusange, kandi ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa buhamye kandi bwizewe.

3. guhindukira

Kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa mu gutunganya ibikoresho neza cyane, ibikoresho byose bishyirwamo ibikoresho bitunganywa na CNC lathes, zishyirwamo ibikoresho bidakoresheje ikoranabuhanga risanzwe nta gusya igikoresho cyo kuzizunguruka. Gutunganya umurambararo w'umwobo, isura y'inyuma n'umurambararo w'inyuma bikorwa icyarimwe hifashishijwe uburyo bwo gufunga inshuro imwe gusa, ibyo bikaba bitanga gusa ko ibyo mu mwobo w'imbere n'isura y'inyuma bihagaze neza, ahubwo binatuma ibikoresho bishyirwamo ibikoresho bito bito bikwirakwira. Bityo, ubuhanga bw'ibikoresho bishyirwamo ibikoresho burushaho kuba bwiza kandi ireme ry'ibikoresho bikurikira riragaragara. Byongeye kandi, imikorere myiza y'ibikoresho bishyirwamo ibikoresho bikoreshwa muri NC lathe igabanya cyane umubare w'ibikoresho kandi ikagira ubukungu bwiza.

4. gushushanya ibikoresho byo mu gikoni no kugishyiraho

Imashini zisanzwe zo gusiga ibikoresho n'ibikoresho bishushanya ibikoresho biracyakoreshwa cyane mu gutunganya ibikoresho. Nubwo byoroshye kubikosora no kubibungabunga, umusaruro uba muto. Iyo ubushobozi bwinshi burangiye, hakenewe imashini nyinshi icyarimwe. Hamwe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo gusiga, biroroshye cyane kongera gusiga ibikoresho nyuma yo gusya. Igihe cyo gukoresha ibikoresho bisize gishobora kunozwa cyane, muri rusange kirenze 90%, bikagabanya neza umubare w'impinduka z'ibikoresho n'igihe cyo gusya, hamwe n'inyungu zikomeye.

5. kogosha

Ikoranabuhanga ryo kogosha ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa radial rikoreshwa cyane mu gukora ibikoresho by'imodoka nyinshi kubera imikorere yaryo myiza no gushyira mu bikorwa byoroshye ibisabwa mu guhindura imiterere y'amenyo yakozwe n'icyerekezo cy'amenyo. Kuva aho ikigo cyaguriye imashini yihariye yo kogosha ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa radial ya sosiyete y'Abataliyani mu 1995, ryamaze igihe kinini mu ikoreshwa ry'iri koranabuhanga, kandi ubwiza bwo gutunganya ibikoresho burihamye kandi bwizewe.

6. Gukoresha ubushyuhe

Ibikoresho byo mu modoka bisaba ko bishyirwamo kaburimbo no kuzimya kugira ngo bibe byiza mu buryo bwa mekanike. Ibikoresho bihamye kandi byizewe byo gutunganya ubushyuhe ni ingenzi ku bicuruzwa bitagikoreshwa mu gutunganya ubushyuhe nyuma yo gutunganya ubushyuhe. Isosiyete yashyizeho uburyo bwo gukora kaburimbo no kuzimya buhoraho bwa German Lloyd's, bwageze ku musaruro ushimishije mu gutunganya ubushyuhe.

7. gusya

Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kurangiza umwobo w'imbere w'ibikoresho bishyushye, igice cyo ku mpera, umurambararo w'inyuma w'umugozi n'ibindi bice kugira ngo inoze imiterere y'ibipimo no kugabanya ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibintu.

Uburyo bwo gutunganya ibikoresho bukoresha icyuma gifata uruziga rw'umurambararo kugira ngo gishyirwe mu mwanya wacyo no gufunga, ibyo bikaba byatuma iryinyo rikora neza kandi rigashyirwa mu mwanya waryo, kandi bigatuma ibicuruzwa birushaho kuba byiza.

8. kurangiza

Ibi ni ukugenzura no gusukura utubuto n'udusimba ku bice by'ibikoresho bya transmission na drive axle mbere yo guteranya, kugira ngo haveho urusaku n'urusaku rudasanzwe ruterwa nabyo nyuma yo guteranya. Umva ijwi binyuze mu guhurirana kw'ibikoresho bibiri cyangwa urebe itandukaniro riri hagati y'ibikoresho kuri comprehensive tester. Ibice by'ibikoresho bya transmission bikozwe n'ikigo gikora birimo clutch housing, transmission housing na differential housing. Clutch housing na transmission housing ni ibice bitwara imizigo, muri rusange bikozwe mu cyuma cya aluminiyumu gikozwe muri die-cast binyuze mu gukwirakwiza die. Imiterere yayo ni idasanzwe kandi igoye. Uburyo rusange bwo gukora ni ugusya ubuso bw'ingingo → imyobo yo gutunganya no guhuza imyobo → imyobo itoroshye yo guteranya → imyobo myiza yo guteranya no kubona imyobo y'imigozi → gusukura → ikizamini cyo gusohora no kumenya imyobo.

Ibipimo n'ibisabwa mu bikoresho byo gukata ibikoresho

Ibyuma birahinduka cyane nyuma yo gukaraba no kuzimya. Cyane cyane ku byuma binini, imiterere y'uruziga rw'inyuma rwa kaburimbo n'uruzimya n'umwobo w'imbere muri rusange ni minini cyane. Ariko, ku gukaraba uruziga rw'inyuma rwa kaburimbo n'uruzimya ...

Guhindura imiterere y'ibikoresho byo mu gikoresho no kuzimya: Guhindura imiterere y'ibikoresho byo mu gikoresho no kuzimya biterwa ahanini n'imikorere ihuriweho y'imbaraga zisigaye zikomoka mu gihe cyo gukora, imbaraga z'ubushyuhe n'imbaraga z'imiterere zikomoka mu gihe cyo gukoresha ubushyuhe, hamwe n'ubwinshi bw'ibikoresho byo mu gikoresho. Cyane cyane ku mpeta nini z'ibikoresho n'ibikoresho byo mu gikoresho, impeta nini z'ibikoresho nazo zizongera impinduka nyuma yo kuzimya no kuzimya bitewe n'uburyo bwazo bunini, urwego rwimbitse rw'ibikoresho byo mu gikoresho, igihe kirekire cyo kuzimya no kuzimya. Itegeko ryo guhindura imiterere y'icyuma kinini cyo mu gikoresho: umurambararo w'inyuma w'uruziga rw'inyongera ugaragaza icyerekezo cyo kuzimya, ariko mu cyerekezo cy'ubugari bw'amenyo y'icyuma cyo mu gikoresho, hagati haragabanuka, kandi impera zombi zirakura gato. Itegeko ryo guhindura imiterere y'icyuma cyo mu gikoresho: Nyuma yo kuzimya no kuzimya, umurambararo w'inyuma w'icyuma kinini cyo mu gikoresho urabyimba. Iyo ubugari bw'amenyo butandukanye, icyerekezo cy'ubugari bw'amenyo kizaba nk'indobo cyangwa umugongo.

Guhindura ibyuma nyuma yo gushushanya no kuzimya: guhindura imiterere y'impeta y'ibikoresho bishobora kugenzurwa no kugabanywa ku rugero runaka, ariko ntibishobora kwirindwa burundu. Kugira ngo hakosorwe imiterere nyuma yo gushushanya no kuzimya, ibi bikurikira ni ikiganiro kigufi ku buryo bwo gushushanya no gukata ibikoresho nyuma yo gushushanya no kuzimya.

Guhindura uruziga rw'inyuma, umwobo w'imbere n'inyuma nyuma yo gusya no kuzimya: guhindura ni bwo buryo bworoshye bwo gukosora imiterere y'uruziga rw'inyuma n'umwobo w'imbere w'ibikoresho by'impeta bya kaburimbo n'ibizimya. Mbere, igikoresho icyo ari cyo cyose, harimo n'ibikoresho by'abanyamahanga bikomeye, ntibyashoboraga gukemura ikibazo cyo gusya uruziga rw'inyuma rw'ibikoresho byazimya. Valin superhard yatumiwe gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere ibikoresho, "Guhindura ibyuma bikomeye buri gihe byari ikibazo kigoye, tutibagiwe n'icyuma gikomeye cya HRC60, kandi amafaranga yo guhindura imiterere ni menshi. Iyo uhindura icyuma gikomeye ku muvuduko mwinshi, niba igikoresho gifite imiterere ihoraho, igikoresho kizarangiza imashini ikoresheje imbaraga zirenga 100 ku munota iyo ugabanya icyuma gikomeye, ibi bikaba ari ikibazo gikomeye ku kurwanya ingaruka z'igikoresho." Impuguke mu Ishyirahamwe ry'Abashinwa zibivuga. Nyuma y'umwaka w'ibizamini bisubiwemo, Valin superhard yashyize ahagaragara ikirango cy'igikoresho cyo gusya gikomeye cyo gusya icyuma gikomeye kidakomeza; Igerageza ryo guhindura rikorerwa ku ruziga rw'inyuma rw'ibikoresho nyuma yo gusya no kuzimya.

Igerageza ryo guhindura ibikoresho by'ubudodo nyuma yo gukaraba no kuzimya

Igikoresho kinini (igikoresho cy'impeta) cyarangiritse cyane nyuma yo gukaraba no kuzimya. Impinduka y'uruziga rw'inyuma rw'igikoresho cy'impeta cyari kigera kuri mm 2, naho ubukana nyuma yo kuzimya bwari hrc60-65. Icyo gihe, byari bigoye ku mukiriya kubona icyuma kinini gisya, kandi amafaranga yo gukoresha mu gukora yari menshi, kandi ubushobozi bwo gusya bwari buke cyane. Amaherezo, igikoresho cya kaburi n'impeta cyarahinduriwe.

Umuvuduko wo gukata: 50–70m/min, uburebure bwo gukata: 1.5–2mm, intera yo gukata: 0.15-0.2mm/ Revolution (yahinduwe hakurikijwe ibisabwa mu buryo buhamye)

Mu gihe uzungurutsa icyuma cyazimye, imashini irangira icyarimwe. Igikoresho cya kera cyazanywe mu gihugu gishobora gutunganywa inshuro nyinshi gusa kugira ngo gihagarike imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Byongeye kandi, imiterere y’inkombe ni ikomeye, kandi ikiguzi cyo gukoresha igikoresho kiri hejuru cyane.

Ibisubizo by'igerageza ry'igikoresho: kirwanya ingaruka kurusha igikoresho cya kera cya silicon nitride cyatumijwe mu mahanga, kandi igihe cyacyo cyo gukora ni inshuro 6 z'igikoresho cya silicon nitride ceramic iyo ubujyakuzimu bwo gukata bwiyongeraho inshuro eshatu! Ubushobozi bwo gukata bwiyongeraho inshuro 3 (bwari busanzwe bugabanya inshuro eshatu, ariko ubu burangiye rimwe). Ubuso bw'imashini buhura n'ibyo umukoresha akeneye. Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane ni uko uburyo bwa nyuma bwo gucika kw'igikoresho atari ugucika intege guteye impungenge, ahubwo ni ukwambara inyuma bisanzwe. Ubu bushakashatsi bwa excircle bwo guhindukira buhoro buhoro bwaciye umugani w'uko ibikoresho bikomeye mu nganda bidashobora gukoreshwa mu byuma bikomeye bihindura ibyuma bikomeye! Byateje impundu nyinshi mu nzego z'ubushakashatsi ku bikoresho byo gukata!

Isozwa ry'umwobo w'imbere w'ibikoresho bikomeye nyuma yo kuzimya

Dufashe urugero rwo gukata umwobo w'imbere w'ibikoresho hakoreshejwe umuyoboro w'amavuta: igihe cyo gukora cy'igikoresho cyo gukata kigera kuri metero zirenga 8000, kandi kurangiza kiri hagati ya Ra0.8; Iyo hakoreshejwe igikoresho gikomeye cyane gifite impande zo gusiga, kurangiza kw'icyuma gikomeye bishobora kugera kuri Ra0.4. Kandi igihe cyiza cyo gukora ibikoresho gishobora kuboneka.

Gutunganya ibikoresho nyuma yo kubikoresha no kubizima

Nk’uko bisanzwe bikoreshwa mu "guhindura aho gusya", icyuma cya cubic boron nitride cyakoreshejwe cyane mu gukora uburyo bwo guhindura imiterere y’ibikoresho mu buryo bukomeye nyuma yo gushyuha. Ugereranyije no gusya, guhindura imiterere mu buryo bukomeye byongera cyane imikorere myiza.

Ku byuma bicukura birimo kaburimbo n'ibizimya umuriro, ibisabwa ku byuma bicukura ni byinshi cyane. Icya mbere, gukata rimwe na rimwe bisaba ubukana bwinshi, kudakora neza, gukomera, kudashira, ubukana bw'ubuso n'ibindi bintu by'igikoresho.

Incamake:

Ku bijyanye no guhindukira nyuma yo gucura no kuzimya no guhindukira ku mpera y'inyuma, ibikoresho bisanzwe bya "cubic boron nitride" byamamaye. Ariko, ku bijyanye no guhindura imiterere y'uruziga rw'inyuma n'umwobo w'imbere w'impeta nini ya "carburing" na "quenched", buri gihe ni ikibazo kigoye kuzimya imiterere y'impeta hakoreshejwe igikoresho cya "cubic boron nitride" cya Valin superhard bn-h20 ni intambwe ikomeye mu nganda z'ibikoresho, bituma habaho iterambere rikomeye mu bijyanye no "guhindura aho gusya" mu nganda z'ibikoresho, kandi binatanga igisubizo ku kibazo cy'ibikoresho bikomeye byo gucura no gucura byamaze imyaka myinshi bitazwi. Ni ingenzi cyane kandi kugabanya imikorere y'impeta no kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gukora; "Bn-h20 series cutters" izwi nk'icyitegererezo cy'isi cy'icyuma gikomeye cyo gucura no kuzimya mu nganda.